Advanced video codec high definition11/10/2023 MPEG standards include MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4. The International Standards Organization (ISO) is more focused on consumer applications and has defined the MPEG standards for compressing moving pictures. The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) is focused on telecommunication applications and has created the H.26x standards for low bitrate video telephony. There have been two primary standards organizations driving the definition of video codecs. Typically newer algorithms such as H.264/AVC or WMV9/VC-1 that achieve higher compression require increased processing, which can impact the cost for encoding andĭecoding devices, system power dissipation and system memory. Firstly, is the application storage, uni-cast, multi-cast, two-way, or broadcast? For storage applications, how much storage capacity is available and what is the recording duration? For non-storage applications, what is the maximum bit rate? For two-way video communication, what is the latency tolerance or allowable end-to-end system delay? If not two-way, is the content that must be encoded available in advance off-line or does it require to be encoded in real-time? How error-prone is the network or storage media? The various compression standards handle these trade-offs differently depending on the primaryĪnother trade-off is the cost of real-time implementation of the encoding and decoding. Also highly important are the desired resolution, target bitrate, color depth, the number of frames per second and whether the content and/or display are progressive or interlaced.Ĭompression often involves trade-offs between the visual quality requirements and other needs of the application. The most important ones are the visual quality requirements for the application, the environment (speed, latency and error characteristics) of the transmission channel or storage media and the format of the source content. There are many factors to consider when selecting the codec in a digital video system. However, building practical codec implementations requires making delicate trade-offs that approach being an art form. Codecs are based on the mathematical principles of information theory. The main goal for video compression is to encode digital video using as few bits as possible while maintaining visual quality. Obtaining the optimal compression efficiency with limited computational horse-power is a tough science. The optimal design must trade-off between compression efficiency and the use of available computational horse-power. However choosing the right codec and optimizing its real-time implementation for a specific application remains a tough challenge. Both codecs are capable of squeezing very high compression ratios utilizing the available processing horsepower in low-cost ICs such as programmable DSPs and fixed-function ASICs. The most recent codecs, H.264/AVC and VC-1, represent the third generation of video compression technology. Codec technology has continuously improved in the last decade. WMV is an exception as it was originally a Microsoft proprietary algorithm that is now also standardized by SMPTE as VC-1. Typically, codecs are either industry standards such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4, H.264/AVC and AVS or proprietary algorithms, such as On2, Real Video, Nancy and Windows Media Video (WMV). Compression-decompression (codec) algorithms make it possible to store and transmit digital video. Video compression is an essential enabler for all these exciting new video products. End products are also increasingly becoming mobile and converged as a result of higher computational power in handsets, advances in battery technology and high-speed wireless connectivity. For example, HD-DVD (Blu-ray), digital video broadcast, both to the home and the handset through terrestrial or satellite (DVB-T, DVB-H, DMB), HD videophones, digital cinema and IP Set-top boxes. A slew of new and exciting applications are currently in design or early deployment. Some examples of popular applications are video communication, security and surveillance, industrial automation, and the biggest of all, entertainment, which includes DVD, highdefintion (HD) TV, satellite TV, HD set-top boxes, Internet video streaming, digital cameras and HD video camcorders, video jukeboxes, high end displays (LCD, Plasma and DLP) and personal video recorders. In recent years, the demand for digital video products has witnessed a boom.
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